Intolerance
Responding to criticisms of racism for his record-breaking The Birth of a Nation, film-making pioneer D.W. Griffith made this epic drama depicting intolerance through the ages.
“In Intolerance we see for the first time Griffith’s supreme confidence in what he was doing, and his bold approach to narrative structure. This film is Griffith’s first really mature work.”
Paul O’Dell, Griffith and the Rise of Hollywood, 1970
D.W. Griffith’s 1915 The Birth of a Nation was a milestone in narrative filmmaking and a popular sensation, but a film condemned for its sympathetic depiction of the Ku Klux Klan. In answer, Griffith conceived this study of intolerance throughout human history, interspersing a Babylonian story, the Christ story, the events of the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 16th-century France, and a modern American story in which moral puritanism leads to a disenfranchised man being mistakenly condemned to death.
The film cuts between these stories with increasing rapidity as it builds to its exciting quadruple climax, though the complexity of this structure proved too enervating for contemporary audiences and the film was a commercial disaster. The Babylon set was at the time the most extravagant produced in Hollywood.
Griffith was inspired to up the ante on his own grandly conceived history lessons after seeing the Italian super-production Cabiria (1914), set in ancient Carthage.
Cast & credits
Cast
- The Woman Who Rocks the Cradle Lillian Gish
- The Dear One Mae Marsh
- her father, a mill worker Fred Turner
- The Boy Robert Harron
- Arthur Jenkins, mill magnate Sam De Grasse
- Mary T. Jenkins Vera Lewis
- self-styled uplifter Lucille Brown
- self-styled uplifter Eleanor Washington
- self-styled uplifter Pearl Elmore
- A Friendless One Miriam Cooper
- The Musketeer of the Slums Walter Long
- The Kindly Policeman Tom Wilson
- The Governor Ralph Lewis
- Father Farley, The Boy's confessor A.W. McClure
- Jenkins's secretary Clyde Hopkins
- society social worker Mary Alden
- self-styled uplifter Luray Huntley
- self-styled uplifter Mrs Arthur Mackley
- friend of The Musketeer Tully Marshall
- judge Lloyd Ingraham
- attorney for The Boy Barney Bernard
- prison guard John P. McCarthy
- kindly neighbour Max Davidson
- strike leader Monte Blue
- guest at the ball Marguerite Marsh
- woman at dance for Jenkins' employees Jennie Lee
- driver of racing car Tod Browning
- chief detective Edward Dillon
- warden William H. Brown
- wife of kindly neighbour Alberta Lee
- barman Billy Quirk
- brother of the girl Frank Brownlee
- The City Mother Kate Bruce
- Mary, the Mother Lillian Langdon
- Mary Magdalene Olga Grey
- 1st Pharisee Gunther von Ritzau
- 2nd Pharisee Erich von Stroheim
- The Bride of Cana Bessie Love
- the Nazarene Howard Gaye
- bridegroom George Walsh
- bride's father William H. Brown
- wedding guest W.S. Van Dyke
- Brown Eyes Margery Wilson
- Prosper Latour Eugene Pallette
- Brown Eyes' father Spottiswoode Aitken
- Brown Eyes' mother Ruth Handforth
- The Foreign Mercenary Allan D. Sears
- King Charles IX Frank Bennett
- Duc d'Anjou Maxfield Stanley
- Catherine de Medici Josephine Crowell
- Marguerite de Valois Georgia Pearce
- Henri de Navarre W.E. Lawrence
- Admiral Coligny Joseph Henabery
- Duc de Guise Morris Levy
- Cardinal Lorraine Howard Gaye
- Roman Catholic priest Louis Romaine
- page Chandler House
- counsellor to the king Raymond Wells
- counsellor to the king George James
- counsellor to the king Louis Ritz
- counsellor to the king John Bragdon
- The Mountain Girl Constance Talmadge
- Rhapsode Elmer Clifton
- Prince Belshazzar Alfred Paget
- The Princess Beloved, Attarea Seena Owen
- King Nabonidus Carl Stockdale
- High Priest of Bel Tully Marshall
- Cyrus George Siegmann
- The Mighty Man of Valour, Gobyras Elmo Lincoln
- Babylonian judge Robert Lawler
- Attarea's slave Loyola O'connor
- 1st dancer of Tammuz Grace Wilson
- 2nd dancer of Tammuz Lotta Clifton
- 2nd Priest of Bel George André Beranger
- 1st Priest of Nergel Ah Singh
- 2nd Priest of Nergel Ranji Singh
- Cyrus's charioteer James Curley
- charioteer of the Priest of Bel Edmund Burns
- charioteer of the 2nd Priest of Bel James Burns
- Babylonian mother Kate Bruce
- favourite of the harem Pauline Starke
- favourite of the harem Mildred Harris
- favourite of Egibi Winifred Westover
- auctioneer Martin Landry
- Babylonian dandy Howard Scott
- brother of the girl Arthur Meyer
- girl in the marriage market Alma Rubens
- girl in the marriage market Ruth Darling
- girl in the marriage market Margaret Mooney
- barbarian chieftain Charles Eagle Eye
- Ethiopian chieftain William Dark Cloud
- Lieutenant of Cyrus Charles Van Cortland
- chief eunuch Jack Cosgrove
- slave girl Ethel Grey Terry
- messenger Gino Corrado
- Attarea's bodyguard Felix Modjeska
- captain of Imgur-Bel gate Ted Duncan
- boy killed in the fighting Wallace Reid
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Carmel Myers
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Eve Southern
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Jewel Carmen
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Natalie Talmadge
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Carol Dempster
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Daisy Robinson
- slave girl/dancer/handmaiden Anna Mae Walthall
- slave girls/dancers/handmaidens The Denishawn Dancers
- girl in the marriage market Madame Sul-te-wan
- [.] Owen Moore
- [.] Wilfred Lucas
- [.] Douglas Fairbanks Jr
- [.] Frank Campeau
- [.] Nigel De Brulier
- [.] Donald Crisp
- [.] Tammany Young
- [extra] Herbert Beerbohm Tree
- [extra] De Wolf Hopper
Credits
Direction
- Director D.W. Griffith
- Assistant Director George Siegmann
- Assistant Director W.S. Van Dyke
- Assistant Director Erich von Stroheim
- Assistant Director Tod Browning
- Assistant Director Joseph Henabery
- Assistant Director Edward Dillon
- Assistant Director Mike Siebert
- Assistant Director Allan Dwan
- Assistant Director Monte Blue
- Assistant Director Elmer Clifton
Production
- Production Company Wark Producing Corporation
- Production Company Majestic Motion Picture Company
- Producer D.W. Griffith
- Associate Producer Harry E. Aitken
- Research Assistant R. Ellis Wales
- Research Assistant Joseph Henabery
- Research Assistant Lillian Gish
Writing
- Written for the screen by D.W. Griffith
- Titles D.W. Griffith
- Titles Assistant Anita Loos
- Titles Assistant Frank E. Woods
Photography
- Photography Billy Bitzer
- Assistant Cameraman Karl Brown
Stills
- Photographic Re-productions Sam Landers
- Photographic Re-productions Joseph Altschuler
Special Effects
- [Special Effects] Hal Sullivan
Editing
- Supervising Editor D.W. Griffith
- Editor James Smith
- Editor Rose Smith
- Editor D.W. Griffith
- Associate Editor Joe Aller
Design
- Set Design Frank Wortman
- Set Design Walter L. Hall
- Set Design Ralph De Lacy
- [Assistant Props] Hal Sullivan
- [Carpenter] Shorty English
- [Assistant Carpenter] Jim Newman
Costumes
- Costumes Western Costume Company
Music
- Musical arrangement by Joseph Carl Breil
- Persian musical themes supplied by Farahanguize Khanum
- Persian musical themes supplied by Sidney Sprague
Choreography
- Dances staged by Ruth St. Denis
Consultant
- Adviser for 'The Judean Story' Rabbi L. Myers
- Adviser for 'The Judean Story' Father Dodd
