The Lion King
Fifty years after Walt Disney’s Bambi (1942), his successors at the studio finally came up with a primal animal fable to equal it.
“[The Lion King] has the resonance to stand not just as a terrific cartoon but as an emotionally pungent movie.”
Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly, 1994
The fortunes of Disney’s animated division, which had been in the doldrums during the 1980s, were revived in the early 1990s by The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991) and Aladdin (1992). Of this new crop of films, it was The Lion King that became a fully fledged phenomenon.
The tale of Simba (voiced by Matthew Broderick), whose father (James Earl Jones) is murdered by the cub’s uncle Scar (Jeremy Irons at his camp, withering best), suggests how Hamlet would have played out with some rousing Elton John/Tim Rice musical numbers and a happy ending.
A theatrical adaptation, directed by the sometime filmmaker Julie Taymor, became a long-running hit on Broadway and in the West End. In 2011, Disney converted the movie into 3D for a rerelease.
Two straight-to-video sequels followed: Simba’s Pride (1998) and Hakuna Matata (2004), which revisited the original, à la Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, from the perspective of two minor characters.
Cast & credits
Cast
- voice of Zazu Rowan Atkinson
- voice of Simba Matthew Broderick
- voice of Young Nala Niketa Calame
- voice of Ed Jim Cummings
- voice of Shenzi Whoopi Goldberg
- voice of Rafiki Robert Guillaume
- voice of Mufasa James Earl Jones
- voice of Nala Moira Kelly
- voice of Timon Nathan Lane
- voice of Banzai Cheech Marin
- voice of Pumbaa Ernie Sabella
- voice of Sarabi Madge Sinclair
- voice of Young Simba Jonathan Taylor Thomas
- voice of Scar Jeremy Irons
Credits
Direction
- Director Roger Allers
- Director Rob Minkoff
Production
- Production Company Walt Disney Pictures
- Executive Producer Thomas Schumacher
- Executive Producer Sarah Mcarthur
- Producer Don Hahn
- Associate Producer Alice Dewey
- Production Manager Dana Axelrod
- Florida production manager Don Walters
- Baer production manager Craig Sost
- Prod co-ordinator (animation/effects) Matthew Garbera
- Prod co-ordinator (clean-up) Jeanie Lynd Sorenson
- Prod co-ordinator (scene planning) Annamarie Costa
- Prod co-ordinator (scene planning) John Cunningham
- Prod co-ordinator (scene planning) Thomas J. Baker
- Prod co-ordinator (scene planning) Mary Lescher
- Post production manager Sara Duran
- Artistic supervisor (story) Brenda Chapman
- Artistic supervisor (layout) Dan St. Pierre
- FLA unit artistic supervisor (layout) Robert Walker
- Artistic supervisor (background) Doug Ball
- FLA unit artistic supervisor (background Robert E. Stanton
- Artistic supervisor (clean-up) Vera Lanpher
- FLA unit artistic supervisor (clean-up) Ruben Procopio
- Artistic supervisor (visual effects) Scott Santoro
- FLA unit artistic supervisor (vis effs) Jeff Dutton
- Artistic supervisor (CGI) Scott F. Johnston
Casting
- Casting Brian Chavanne
- ADR voice casting Barbara Harris
Writing
- Screenplay Irene Mecchi
- Screenplay Jonathan Roberts
- Screenplay Linda Woolverton
- Story Burny Mattinson
- Story Barry Johnson
- Story Lorna Pomeroy
- Story Thom Enriquez
- Story Andy Gaskill
- Story Gary Trousdale
- Story Jim Capobianco
- Story Kevin Harkey
- Story Jorgen Klubien
- Story Chris Sanders
- Story Tom Sito
- Story Larry Leker
- Story Joe Ranft
- Story Rick Maki
- Story Ed Gombert
- Story Francis Glebas
- Story Mark Kausler
- Additional story material J.T Allen
- Additional story material George Scribner
- Additional story material Miguel Tejada-flores
- Additional story material Jenny Tripp
- Additional story material Bob Tzudiker
- Additional story material Chris Vogler
- Additional story material Kirk Wise
- Additional story material Noni White
Photography
- Digitizing camera supervisor Robyn L. Roberts
- Digitizing camera operator Kent Gordon
- Digitizing camera operator Tina Baldwin
- Digitizing camera operator Jo Ann Breuer
- Digitizing camera operator Karen N. China
- Digitizing camera operator Lynnette E. Cullen
- Digitizing camera operator Gareth Fishbaugh
- Digitizing camera operator Michael A. Mcferren
- Digitizing camera operator David J. Rowe
- Animation camera operator John Aardal
- Animation camera operator Andrew Simmons
- Animation camera operator Gary W. Smith
Special Effects
- Blue sketch Madlyn O'neill
- Blue sketch Laurie Sacks
- Blue sketch Joanne Tzuanos
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Geoffrey C. Everts
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Kristine Humber
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Elizabeth Holmes
- Effects breakdown inbetweener John E. Hailey
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Michael Cadwallader-jones
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Paitoon Ratanasirintrawoort
- Effects breakdown inbetweener James Goss
- Effects breakdown inbetweener John David Thornton
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Phil Vigil
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Stella P. Arbelaez
- Effects breakdown inbetweener Kim Kang Tae
- Digitizing mark-up Gina Wootten
- Compositing assistant supervisor James 'J.R.' Russell
- Compositing Shannon Fallis-kane
- Compositing Dolores Pope
- CGI co-ordinator Maryann Mcleod
- Computer animation production software Paul Yanover
- Production computer systems Dean Schiller
- Computer graphics imagery Edward Kummer
- Additional CGI animation Steve Goldberg
- Additional CGI animation Rob Bekuhrs
- Additional CGI animation Sandra M. Groeneveld
- Additional CGI animation James Tooley
- Pixar Thomas Hahn
- Pixar Peter Nye
- Pixar Michael A. Shantzis
- Colour models supervisor Karen Comella
- Colour models Penny Coulter
- Colour models Ann Sorensen
- Colour models Irma Cartaya
- Assistant colour model mark-up superviso Rhonda L. Hicks
- Colour model mark-up Cindy Finn
- Colour model mark-up Debra Y. Siegel
- Colour model mark-up David J. Zywicki
Animation
- Supervising animator (Young Simba) Mark Henn
- Supervising animator (Adult Simba) Ruben Aquino
- Supervising animator (Mufasa) Tony Fucile
- Supervising animator (Scar) Andreas Deja
- Supervising animator (Adult Nala) Anthony Derosa
- Supervising animator (Young Nala) Aaron Blaise
- Supervising animator (Pumbaa) Tony Bancroft
- Supervising animator (Timon) Michael Surrey
- Supervising animator (Rafiki) James Baxter
- Supervising animator (Zazu) Ellen Woodbury
- Supervising animator (Sarabi) Russ Edmonds
- Supervising animator (Hyenas) David Burgess
- Supervising animator (Hyenas) Alex Kupershmidt
- Animator (Young Simba) Tom Bancroft
- Animator (Young Simba) Broose Johnson
- Animator (Young Simba) T. Daniel Hofstedt
- Animator (Young Simba) Danny Wawrzasek
- Animator (Adult Simba) Randy Haycock
- Animator (Adult Simba) Joe Ekers
- Animator (Adult Simba) Michael Cedeno
- Animator (Adult Simba) Dale Baer
- Animator (Adult Simba) Lorna Pomeroy
- Animator (Mufasa) Phil Young
- Animator (Mufasa) Chris Wahl
- Animator (Mufasa) Brad Kuha
- Animator (Scar) Doug Frankel
- Animator (Scar) Jean Morel
- Animator (Scar) Mark Koetsier
- Animator (Scar) Alex Williams
- Animator (Adult Nala) Bob Bryan
- Animator (Adult Nala) Gilda Palinginis
- Animator (Pumbaa) Ron Husband
- Animator (Pumbaa) Tim Allen
- Animator (Pumbaa) David Pruiksma
- Animator (Timon) Brian Ferguson
- Animator (Timon) James Lopez
- Animator (Timon) Michael Show
- Animator (Zazu) Randy Cartwright
- Animator (Zazu) Barry Temple
- Animator (Zazu) Michael Swofford
- Animator (Hyenas) Réjean Bourdages
- Animator (Hyenas) Greg Manwaring
- Animator (Hyenas) Ken Boyer
- Animator (Hyenas) Lou Dellarosa
- Animator (Hyenas) Larry White
- Supervising char lead (Young Simba) Daniel A. Gracey
- Supervising char lead (Adult Simba) Bill Berg
- Supervising char lead (Mufasa/Sarabi) Brian Clift
- Supervising char lead (Scar) Nancy Kniep
- Character co-lead (Scar) Kathleen Bailey
- Character co-lead (Scar) Marianne Tucker
- Supervising char lead (Adult Nala) Scott Anderson
- Supervising char lead (Young Nala) Tracy Mark Lee
- Supervising char lead (Timon & Pumbaa) Debra Armstrong
- Supervising char lead (Rafiki) Marshall Toomey
- Supervising char lead (Zazu) Dan Tanaka
- Supervising char lead (Hyenas) Alex Topete
- Supervising char lead (add Young Simba) Vera Lanpher
- Supervising char lead (miscellaneous cha Vera Lanpher
- Computer animation (Wildebeest stampede) Gregory Griffith
- Computer animation (Wildebeest stampede) Linda Bel
- Additional animation Chris Bailey
- Additional animation Ken Duncan
- Additional animation Raul Garcia
- Additional animation David Stephan
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Dan Daly
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Chad Ferron
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Tim Hodge
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Pamela Mathues
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Maurilio Morales
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) James Parris
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Sherrie H. Sinclair
- Breakdown/inbetweener (Young Simba) Lee Ty
- Breakdown (Adult Simba) Wendy Muir
- Breakdown (Adult Simba) Kevin Smith
- Inbetweener (Adult Simba) Daniel Bond
- Inbetweener (Adult Simba) Sean Gallimore
- Inbetweener (Adult Simba) Daniel Yoontaek Lim
- Inbetweener (Adult Simba) Daniel O'sullivan
- Breakdown (Mufasa & Sarabi) Laurey Foulkes
- Breakdown (Mufasa & Sarabi) Norma Rivera
- Breakdown (Mufasa & Sarabi) Wendie Fischer
- Inbetweener (Mufasa & Sarabi) Annette Byrne-morel
- Breakdown (Scar) Jamie Kezlarian Bolio
- Breakdown (Scar) Diana Coco
- Breakdown (Scar) Martin Schwartz
- Inbetweener (Scar) Jody Kooistra
- Inbetweener (Scar) Jung Chan Woo
- Breakdown (Adult Nala) Carl Philip Hall
- Breakdown (Adult Nala) Andrew Ramos
- Inbetweener (Adult Nala) Chang Yei Kim
- Inbetweener (Young Nala) Tom Fish
- Inbetweener (Young Nala) Mario J. Menjivar
- Breakdown (Timon & Pumbaa) Janet Heerhan Bae
- Breakdown (Timon and Pumbaa) Ron Westlund
- Inbetweener (Timon and Pumbaa) Choi Moon Hwan
- Inbetweener (Timon and Pumbaa) Judy Grabenstatter
- Inbetweener (Timon and Pumbaa) Eduardo Oliveras
- Breakdown (Rafiki) Miriam Mcdonnell
- Breakdown (Rafiki) Mary-Jean Repchuk
- Breakdown (Zazu) Bill Thinnes
- Inbetweener (Zazu) Brian Beauchamp
- Inbetweener (Zazu) James A. Harris
- Inbetweener (Zazu) Richard D. Rocha
- Breakdown (Hyenas) Noreen Beasley
- Breakdown (Hyenas) Will Huneycutt
- Breakdown (Hyenas) Dave Recinos
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Paulo R. Alvarado
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Rachel R. Bibb
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Ernest Keen
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Tom Labaff
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Samantha Lair
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Phil Noto
- Inbetweener (Hyenas) Lon Smart
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Beverly Adams
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Robert Espanto Domingo
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Daniel James Galieote
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Kenneth Kinoshita
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Mary Measures
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Jane Misek
- Breakdown/inbetweener (add Young Simba) Cheryl Polakow
- Character design/visual development Hans Bacher
- Character design/visual development Jean Gillmore
- Character design/visual development Joe Grant
- Character design/visual development Michael Hodgson
- Character design/visual development Lisa L. Keene
- Character design/visual development Sue C. Nichols
- Character design/visual development Bruce Zick
- Character design/visual development Mel Shaw
- Character design/visual development Bob Smith
- Character sculptures Kent Melton
- Effects animator Dorse A. Lanpher
- Effects animator Ted C. Kierscey
- Effects animator Ed Coffey
- Effects animator Christine Blum
- Effects animator Mauro Maressa
- Effects animator Tom Hush
- Effects animator Allen Blyth
- Effects animator Mildenberg, David (Joey)
- Effects animator Eusebio Torres
- Effects animator Steve Moore
- Effects animator Marlon West
- Effects animator Garrett Wren
- Effects animator Chris Jenkins
- Effects animator Dave Bossert
- Animation check supervisor Janet Bruce
- Final check Janette Hulett
- Final check Monica Marroquin
- Final check Teri N. Mcdonald
- Final check Saskia Raevouri
- Key layout/workbook Mitchell Bernal
- Key layout/workbook Jennifer Yuan
- Key layout/workbook Fred Craig
- Key layout/workbook Guy Deel
- Key layout/workbook Jeff Dickson
- Key layout/workbook Edward L. Ghertner
- Key layout/workbook Tom Humber
- Key layout/workbook Lorenzo Martinez
- Key layout/workbook Tom Shannon
- Key layout/workbook Ellen Tam
- Key layout/workbook Tanya Wilson
- Background Gregory Alexander Drolette
- Background Don Moore
- Background Kathy Altieri
- Background Serge Michaels
- Background Debbie Du Bois
- Background Sunny Apinchapong
- Background Michael Humphries
- Background Natalie Franscioni-karp
- Background Philip Phillipson
- Background Barry Atkinson
- Background Dan Cooper
- Background Kevin Turcotte
- Background Thomas Woodington
- Background David McCamley
- Background Dominick R. Domingo
- Background Charles Vollmer
- Background Barry R. Kooser
- Background Patricia Palmer-phillipson
- Background Brooks Campbell
- Background Richard Sluiter
- Ink and paint manager Gretchen Maschmeyer Albrecht
- Paint final check supervisor Hortensia M. Casagran
- Assistant paint supervisor Barbara Hamane
- Assistant paint supervisor Karen L. Hudson
- Assistant paint supervisor Grace H. Shirado
- Paint mark-up Irma Velez
- Paint mark-up Beth Ann McCoy-gee
- Paint mark-up Karan J. Lee-storr
- Painting Carmen Sanderson
- Painting Kirk Axtell Ii
- Painting Phyllis Bird
- Painting Russell Blandino
- Painting Joey Calderon
- Painting Ofra Calderon
- Painting Sherrie Cuzzort
- Painting Florida D'ambrosio
- Painting Robert Dettloff
- Painting Phyllis Estelle Fields
- Painting Paulino
- Painting Leslie Hinton
- Painting Stevie Hirsch
- Painting David Karp
- Painting Angelika Katz
- Painting Randy Mcferren
- Painting Harlene Mears
- Painting Karen Lynne Nugent
- Painting Bill Ohanesian
- Painting Leyla Amaro Pelaez
- Painting Bruce Phillipson
- Painting Fumiko R. Sommer
- Painting Ann Sullivan
- Painting Roxanne M. Taylor
- Painting Britt Vandernagel
- Painting Susan Wileman
Editing
- Supervising Editor Tom Finan
- Supervising Editor John Carnochan
- Editor Ivan Bilancio
- Animation Editor James Melton
Design
- Production Designer Chris Sanders
- Art Director Andy Gaskill
- Artistic co-ordinator Randy Fullmer
- Scene planning supervisor Ann Tucker
Titles
- Title design Burke Mattsson
- Title design Susan Bradley
- Titles Buena Vista Imaging
Film processing
- Digital film printing and opts superviso Christopher W. Gee
- Digital film printing and opts superviso Chuck Warren
- Digital film printing and opts superviso Christine Beck
- Digital film printing and opts superviso Ron Jackson
- Digital film printing and opts superviso Brandy Hill
Music
- Music composed, arranged and supervised Hans Zimmer
- Songs Tim Rice
- Songs Elton John
- African vocal solos/improvisations Lebo M.
- Score conducted Nick Glennie-Smith
- Choir master Mbongeni Ngema
- Choir master Andrae Crouch
- Score orchestrations Bruce Fowler
- Additional orchestrations Ladd Mcintosh
- Additional orchestrations Suzette Moriarty
- Additional song arrangement Bruce Fowler
- Additional song arrangement Danny Troob
- Additional song arrangement Paul Bogave
- Additional vocal arrangement Bruce Fowler
- Additional vocal arrangement Bobbi Page
- Additional vocal arrangement Mark Mancina
- Choral arrangement and conducting Lebo M.
- Choral arrangement and conducting Andrae Crouch
- Choral arrangement and conducting Mbongeni Ngema
- Choral arrangement and conducting Nick Glennie-Smith
- Supervising music editor Adam Milo Malley
Sound
- Music recorded and mixed Jay Rifkin
- Original dialogue recording Doc Kane
- Additional dialogue recorded Vince Caro
- Additional dialogue recorded Weldon Brown
- Additional dialogue recorded Andrew Morris
- Additional dialogue recorded Steve Hellaby
- Re-recording mixer Terry Porter
- Re-recording mixer Mel Metcalfe
- Re-recording mixer David J. Hudson
- Dubbing recordist Jeannette Browning
- Supervising sound editor Richard L. Anderson
- Supervising sound editor Mark Mangini
- Dialogue editor R.J. Kizer
- Sound effects Weddington Productions
- Special sound effects John Pospisil
- Sound effects editor Michael Chock
- Sound effects editor James Christopher
- Sound effects editor Paul J. Berolzheimer
- Additional voice Frank Welker
- Additional voice Cathy Cavadini
- Additional voice Judi Durand
- Additional voice Daamen Krall
- Additional voice David McCharen
- Additional voice Linda Phillips
- Additional voice Philip Proctor
- Additional voice David Randolph
- ADR editor Andrew Patterson
- Foley editor Don Lee Jorgensen
- Foley artist John Roesch
- Foley artist Hilda Hodges
Consultant
- Wild life consultant Jim Fowler
- Animal anatomy consultant Stuart Sumida
- EPK David Mullen
- Live lion and animal models David Mcmillan
- Live lion and animal models Nicholas Toth
- Live lion and animal models Cougar Hill Ranch
